MINI LED industry research: 4 types of display technology and principles (the next 10 times shares may be here)

1. Pixel
The screens on the display are made up by countless small points. These small points are pixels. Each pixel is composed of three sub -pixels of red, green and blue.
It the brightness ratio of the red, green and blue, can be transferred to various colors. Each pixel point is performed to show our own color, so as to pieces the complete picture we see.
The resolution is the number of pixels.
3. Screen pixel density
The screen pixel density (PPI), the number of pixels per inch display. The higher the PPI, the smaller the size of the pixel, the clearer.
The screen contrast refers to the brightness ratio of the black, white and dark, and the higher the contrast.
LCD (liquid-Crystal Display): LCD display.
LCD's side section of a pixel dot is as follows:
It from bottom to top is backlight layer (transmitted white light), vertical polarizer, positive electrode circuit, LCD layer (controlling output), negative electrode circuit, horizontal polarizer Pieces and color filters (change the color of the light).
LIquid Crystal (LC), which refers to liquid crystals with special physical and chemical and photoelectric characteristics.
The working principle of the LCD screen: When we apply voltage to the positive pole circuit, the electricity will penetrate the LCD layer and connect the negative electrode circuit to form a circuit. The voltage will drive the liquid crystal layer. Shoot. By controlling the voltage, the deflection angle of the LCD layer can be adjusted, and the brightness of each sub -pixel of red and green blue can be controlled. Through the change of brightness ratio, you can mix all the colors you want.
LCD backlit layers are usually composed of LED lamp beads with tens to hundreds of size greater than 200 μm. As soon as these LED lamp beads are fully opened, they cannot control the switch alone. LCD's entire screen shared a large backlight of pixels.
Because the LCD molecule cannot be completely closed, LCD cannot display pure black.
OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode): Organic self-optical diode. The basic structure of OLED is steamed organic optical materials (in turn, luminous layer, electron layer) on ITO glass (positive pole), and a metal electrode (negative pole) with a layer of low -power function above the electron layer. The overall composition is like "" The structure of sandwiches.
The side section of a pixel point of the OLED screen is as follows:
The light -emitting material in the luminous layer is mainly divided into two categories: small molecular materials and polymer materials. Small molecular materials are currently mainstream mass production solutions, mainly including luminous layer materials and universal layer materials. Different luminous materials can emit different colors of light.
OLED screen working principle: Each pixel point of the OLED screen is also composed of three sub -pixels of red, green and blue, and can emit light. By adjusting the voltage size, you can control the brightness of each sub -pixel. The brightness of the three colors can be mixed according to different proportions to show the color you want.
Because OLED is self -emitted, no backlight is required. Each pixel can control the switch independently and can achieve pixel -grade light control.
Compared with LCD, the advantages of the OLED screen:
(1) It can display pure black
Since the liquid crystal layer cannot be completely closed, there will be some light passing through, so the black of LCD is actually actually It is a mixed gray of black and white.
(2) No light
LCD has a backlight layer. The backlight of the LCD display is easy to leak from the gap between the screen and the border, which will produce light leakage.
(3) The nearly infinite contrast
The contrast of the screen refers to the brightness ratio of the black, white and dark, and the higher the contrast. The more bright the picture, the stronger the color.
(4) Short response time
Dynamic screen means that each pixel point needs to switch the color quickly.
The color switching of the LCD screen is completed by liquid crystal offset. The liquid crystal deflection and temperature are related. The lower the temperature, the slower the polarization speed. At low temperature, there will be obvious traction phenomena.
OLED screens switching between colors is very short, and there is almost no drag. Although switching between black and white, it costs much more time than other colors, but it is still shorter than the LCD screen color switching time.
(5) Bend
OLED screen is much thinner than the LCD screen, and can be curved significantly. Because the LCD screen and the LCD layer are hard substrates, they can only bend slightly.
(6) Low power consumption
LCD only needs to open the screen, the entire backlight is bright, and the power consumption is high. Each pixel point of the OLED screen can be switched independently, and the power consumption is relatively low.
Compared with LCD, the disadvantages of the OLED screen:
(1) Short life
Because OLED uses organic materials to be self -luminous, it is easy to aging and burn the screen, and the screen life is significantly shorter than LCD.
(2) Screen flash
OLED usually uses PWM to light up to light up and switch the screen light sources in the screen. In low brightness, there will be obvious flashing and easy to visual fatigue.
(3) Low pixel density point
The LCD screen pixels are arranged by RGB: The number and size of the three sub -pixels of traffic and blue are the same.
The pixels of OLED screens are usually arranged in Pentile diamonds. The number of green pixels is twice that of red and blue, and a single red and blue pixel point is larger than green pixels.
Due to the different arrangement methods, OLED pixel density is low under the same resolution.
mini LED: times millimeter glow diode.
mini LED, but the upgrade of LCD screen backlight technology, which is still the LCD screen essentially.
MINI LED to mini the LED lamp beads of the LCD screen backlight, each LED lamp bead size is between 50-200 μm, so that the backlight can be stuffed with more backlight beads to make the screen get more Good brightness and uniformity of brightness. Mini LED divides the backlight layer into small blocks, and lights up through the LED chip partition, thereby improving the problem of black and white contrast that LCD has been criticized. It can obtain the display effect close to OLED, and avoid life and other problems.
Micro LED: Minimal glow diode.
Micro LED's side section of a pixel point is as follows:
Micro LED display principles can be understood as LED lamp beads that replace the organic self -firing diode in OLED with inorganic materials, and the LED structure thin film, small -scale, small -scale Available (pixel -level), matrix, and highly integrated solid self -optical display technology on a chip.
Micro LED can be said to integrate all the advantages of LCD and OLED, with significant advantages such as high picture quality, low energy consumption, and long life, but the manufacturing process is difficult and the production cost is high.
. Before the cost of Micro LED, MINI LED will be the mainstream transition solution for high -end display. The company's MINI LED backlight is currently facing the medium -sized TV backlight market. It is rumored that Apple's MacBook Pro released in October this year will also use Mini LED.